Big Island Diving: Explore Hawaii’s Top Underwater Adventures

Dive into the Depths of Big Island Diving

Discover six unforgettable Big Island diving experiences, from iconic manta ray night dives to thrilling drift dives. This list highlights top dive sites, including Kealakekua Bay, Two Step, and South Point, catering to diverse interests, from families to experienced divers. Learn about the unique features of each location and why they make Big Island diving world-class. Explore the magic beneath the waves and plan your underwater adventure.

1. Kealakekua Bay: A Must-Do for Big Island Diving

Kealakekua Bay is a jewel in the crown of Big Island diving, offering a unique blend of natural beauty, historical significance, and vibrant marine life. Located on the Kona coast, this protected Marine Life Conservation District boasts exceptional water clarity, frequently exceeding 100 feet of visibility, allowing divers to fully appreciate the vibrant coral reefs and abundant fish populations. The bay's rich history adds another layer to the experience, as it's the site where Captain James Cook first landed in Hawaii in 1778 and later met his fate in 1779. A prominent white obelisk monument commemorating this historical event is visible from the water, serving as a poignant reminder of the area's past.

Kealakekua Bay earns its top spot on the Big Island diving list for numerous reasons. Its protected status ensures a thriving ecosystem with healthy coral gardens teeming with over 180 species of fish. Divers of all skill levels can enjoy the bay, with depths ranging from shallow reefs perfect for beginners to dramatic walls plunging to over 100 feet for more experienced adventurers. Underwater lava formations and diverse coral structures create a captivating landscape for exploration. The bay also offers the unique opportunity to combine diving with a cultural and historical experience, linking the underwater world with the significant events that unfolded above the surface.

Features:

• Marine Life Conservation District with strict protection
• Vibrant coral reef system with over 180 species of fish
• Water visibility often exceeding 100 feet
• Underwater lava formations and coral gardens
• Historical significance as Captain Cook's landing site
• Depths ranging from shallow reef areas to walls dropping to 100+ feet

Pros:

• Exceptional marine biodiversity and fish density
• Protected status means healthier coral and fish populations
• Consistent good visibility year-round
• Suitable for all experience levels with varied depth options
• Opportunity to combine diving with cultural/historical experience

Cons:

• Requires a boat to access the best diving spots
• Can get crowded with tour boats and snorkelers
• Limited shore entry points for shore diving
• Parking and access can be challenging
• Special permits required for certain activities in the bay

Examples of Dive Sites within the Bay:

• The Captain Cook Monument area: Features dense schools of yellow tangs and butterflyfish.
• The 'Coral Gardens' section: Showcases pristine finger coral formations.
• Deeper sections of the bay: Offer opportunities for encounters with spinner dolphins and sightings of rare black coral.

Tips for Diving Kealakekua Bay:

• Book a morning dive trip to avoid afternoon winds and crowds.
• Bring an underwater camera to capture the stunning visibility.
• Consider a guided tour that includes historical information about Captain Cook.
• Look for the rare black coral in deeper sections.
• Be respectful of the cultural and historical significance of the area.

Kealakekua Bay has been lauded by renowned figures like Jacques Cousteau, who considered it one of the world's top diving locations. It has also been featured in National Geographic underwater documentaries and is a favorite destination for popular dive operators like Jack's Diving Locker and Fair Wind Cruises. Learn more about Kealakekua Bay for snorkeling tours, which can also provide insight into this remarkable bay. If you're planning a big island diving trip, Kealakekua Bay is an unforgettable experience that should be at the top of your list.

2. Manta Ray Night Dive

The Manta Ray Night Dive off the Kona coast is a truly exceptional big island diving experience, often cited as one of the most remarkable underwater encounters in the world. This unique activity takes place after sunset, utilizing powerful lights placed on the ocean floor to attract plankton. This, in turn, draws in majestic manta rays, some boasting wingspans of up to 16 feet. Divers kneel on the sandy bottom in a circle, commonly referred to as the 'campfire,' providing ideal viewing conditions as these gentle giants gracefully swim and somersault overhead, often coming within inches of the divers as they feed on the illuminated plankton.

This nighttime dive is specifically designed for manta ray encounters and takes place at designated sites known for their manta ray activity, such as 'Manta Village' and 'Garden Eel Cove' (also known as 'Manta Heaven'). Specialized lighting techniques are used to attract the plankton and subsequently the mantas. The organized circle formation of divers creates optimal viewing conditions without disturbing the natural feeding behavior of these magnificent creatures. This non-intrusive observation protocol ensures the protection and well-being of the manta rays.

When and Why to Choose a Manta Ray Night Dive:

This dive is perfect for anyone fascinated by marine life and seeking a truly unforgettable experience. While suitable for divers of all certification levels, as the dive typically takes place at depths of 30-40 feet, some experience with night diving is beneficial. This is a unique opportunity to observe these incredible animals up close in their natural environment, learning about their feeding habits and contributing to ongoing manta ray conservation efforts.

Pros:

• Nearly guaranteed manta ray sightings (success rate over 90%)
• Safe, controlled environment for close encounters
• Suitable for all certification levels (typically 30-40 feet deep)
• Unique photography opportunities with illuminated mantas
• Educational experience about manta conservation

Cons:

• Can be disorienting for divers not accustomed to night diving
• Water can get crowded with multiple dive groups and snorkelers
• Requires patience and stillness in one position for extended periods
• Environmental concerns about light pollution and animal habituation
• Occasionally canceled due to rough conditions

Tips for an Unforgettable Experience:

• Bring a good wetsuit as the water gets cooler at night and you’ll be stationary.
• Practice proper buoyancy control before attempting this dive.
• Don't point lights directly at the mantas' eyes – aim at their bellies.
• Remain in the designated formation and avoid chasing the mantas.
• Book in advance as this popular activity often sells out.
• Consider bringing a GoPro with a red filter for optimal night diving photography.

Examples of Manta Ray Encounters:

At Garden Eel Cove, up to 20+ mantas have been spotted in a single night. Individual mantas, like 'Big Bertha' and 'Lefty,' are regularly sighted and recognized by their distinctive markings. The Manta Pacific Research Foundation conducts ID and behavior studies during these dives, contributing to our understanding of these gentle giants. This dive has been featured on National Geographic, BBC's Blue Planet, and Discovery Channel, highlighting its global recognition. Keller Laros, known as the 'Manta Man' for his conservation work, has also helped popularize this incredible experience. Popular dive operators include Jack's Diving Locker, Kona Honu Divers, and Big Island Divers.

This dive truly earns its place as a top big island diving activity. It offers a unique and awe-inspiring encounter with one of the ocean's most graceful creatures. The combination of the nighttime setting, specialized lighting, and close proximity to these gentle giants makes the Manta Ray Night Dive an unforgettable experience for any diver.

3. Two Step (Honaunau Bay)

Two Step at Honaunau Bay is a must-do for any big island diving enthusiast. This renowned shore diving site earns its name from the smooth, two-tiered lava rock formation that provides effortless entry into the pristine waters. Situated next to the historically significant Pu'uhonua O Hōnaunau National Historical Park (Place of Refuge), Two Step offers a unique blend of exceptional marine life encounters and cultural exploration. The protected bay boasts vibrant coral gardens teeming with colorful tropical fish, and sea turtle sightings are practically guaranteed. Its accessibility and generally calm conditions make it an ideal spot for both snorkelers and divers of all skill levels looking for a convenient and cost-effective shore diving experience, eliminating the need for boat fees.

Two Step's popularity stems from its diverse underwater landscape. The bay's depths range from shallow reef areas perfect for snorkeling to deeper drop-offs reaching 40-70 feet, catering to divers of varying experience. Extensive coral formations, including cauliflower, finger, and lobe coral, create a haven for a rich array of marine species. The natural lava rock formation acts as a natural two-step entry, simplifying access to the water. The bay's sheltered location typically provides calm conditions, making it an excellent choice for beginners.

Specific features of Two Step include the "Amphitheater," a bowl-shaped lava formation bustling with schools of yellow tangs and butterflyfish. Another highlight is the "Turtle Cleaning Station," where Hawaiian green sea turtles regularly congregate to have parasites removed by smaller fish, offering a remarkable close-up encounter. A resident pod of spinner dolphins also frequents the bay, often seen in the mornings.

Pros:

• Free access with easy shore entry (no boat required)
• Suitable for all skill levels, from beginners to experienced divers
• Abundant marine life concentrated in a relatively compact area
• Opportunity to combine diving with a cultural visit to the Place of Refuge
• Excellent for both snorkeling and diving
• Multiple dive routes accessible from a single entry point

Cons:

• Limited parking, which fills up quickly, especially on weekends
• Can become crowded with snorkelers and tour groups
• Entry and exit can be challenging during periods of high surf
• Minimal facilities (no rinse showers or changing rooms)
• Some coral damage evident due to high visitation levels

Tips for an Optimal Experience:

• Arrive early (before 8 am) to secure parking and beat the crowds.
• Wear protective footwear for navigating the lava rock entry points.
• Enter the water by facing the ocean and carefully stepping down the natural "steps" in the lava.
• Dive the right side of the bay for deeper areas and more varied topography.
• Keep an eye out for the resident school of black triggerfish in the deeper sections.
• Be mindful of the cultural significance of the area and adhere to all posted rules.

Two Step's prominence in big island diving is well-deserved. Featured in numerous Hawaii travel guides as a must-visit snorkel and dive spot, it's also a favorite among local dive shops like Kona Diving Company, which offer guided tours. The unique entry point and frequent turtle encounters shared on social media further contribute to its popularity. Learn more about Two Step (Honaunau Bay). This remarkable site offers a truly unforgettable big island diving experience.

4. Black Water Night Diving

Big Island diving offers a plethora of incredible experiences, but few are as captivating and otherworldly as black water night diving. This specialized dive takes you miles offshore, suspending you in the inky blackness of the open ocean over depths exceeding 5,000 feet. Tethered to a downline from the boat, you'll float in mid-water (typically 40-60 feet deep), your dive light piercing the darkness to reveal a breathtaking spectacle of rarely seen deep-sea creatures. These organisms, many bioluminescent and transparent, ascend from the depths during their nightly vertical migration, offering divers a glimpse into a hidden world. It's a truly unique form of big island diving, unlike anything you'll experience closer to shore.

Black water night diving utilizes a specialized tether system for safety in the open ocean, allowing divers to drift freely while remaining connected to the boat. This unique setup allows for observation of deep-sea pelagic creatures, including bizarre larval fish, delicate paper nautilus, and mesmerizing ctenophores. Encounters with squid species normally found only in the deepest waters are also common, offering unparalleled photography opportunities for enthusiasts. You might even witness bioluminescent jellies and siphonophores creating their own dazzling light displays. Learn more about Black Water Night Diving to understand the full scope of this adventure.

This dive offers a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to witness rare deep-sea organisms, contributing to scientific value as participants often document unusual species. The small group sizes ensure an uncrowded and personalized experience. However, it's important to be aware of the potential downsides. The cost is higher than typical dives ($200-300 per person), and advanced experience is required (typically 25+ dives minimum). The complete darkness and lack of reference points can be disorienting, and there's no guarantee which creatures will appear. The dives are also weather-dependent, with frequent cancellations due to offshore conditions, which can also lead to seasickness.

For those considering this thrilling experience, here are some helpful tips: book with operators who specialize in black water night diving, bring a powerful dive light with a backup, and use a camera with good low-light capabilities and external strobes. Practicing perfect buoyancy control is crucial before attempting this dive. If prone to seasickness, take appropriate medication. During the dive, stay close to the tether line, maintain visual contact with your buddy, and consider doing a regular night dive first if you've never dived in darkness.

The popularity of black water diving has grown thanks to the stunning photography of individuals like Jeff Milisen and features in National Geographic highlighting pelagic marine life. Specialized operators like Pelagic Magic and Big Island Divers have also contributed to its rise, along with online communities like the "Blackwater Photo Group." This adventurous dive truly earns its place on the list of must-do big island diving experiences.

5. Kohala Coast Dive Sites: Unveiling the Big Island's Underwater Wilderness

For a truly unique big island diving experience, venture to the Kohala Coast on the northwestern side of Hawaiʻi. This area offers a stark contrast to the more frequented Kona sites, boasting pristine conditions, dramatic underwater landscapes, and a sense of discovery that's hard to find elsewhere. The Kohala Coast’s relatively recent lava flows have sculpted an intricate underwater world of lava tubes, arches, swim-throughs, and dramatic drop-offs, providing a diverse and exciting playground for divers of all skill levels. Nutrient-rich waters nourish vibrant coral systems and attract a plethora of marine life, while the coast's location offers shelter from trade winds during certain seasons, making for calmer diving conditions.

This unique topography sets Kohala Coast diving apart. Imagine exploring a cathedral-like lava tube with beams of sunlight filtering through skylights, as you witness at Crystal Cave. Or picture yourself navigating a series of interconnected lava arches teeming with schools of colorful goatfish and snappers, a common sight at Frog Rock. For those seeking rarer encounters, sites like the 'Pine Trees' offer the opportunity to observe black coral colonies at diveable depths. From shallow reef flats perfect for beginners to walls plunging to depths of 100+ feet for more advanced divers, the Kohala Coast caters to a wide range of experience levels.

Why choose the Kohala Coast for your big island diving adventure?

• Fewer Crowds: Escape the hustle and bustle of Kona and enjoy a more intimate diving experience with fewer dive boats and fellow divers.
• Unique Topography: Explore an underwater world unlike any other on the island, with lava formations, caverns, and swim-throughs unique to this region.
• Healthy Reefs: Discover thriving coral ecosystems and a wealth of diverse marine inhabitants.
• Variety of Diving: Choose from shore diving at various entry points or join a boat excursion to explore further afield.
• Pelagic Encounters: Increase your chances of encountering pelagic species like sharks and eagle rays.
• Better Summer Conditions: Enjoy calmer waters during the summer months when south swells often affect Kona.

Weighing the Pros and Cons:

While the Kohala Coast offers incredible diving, it's important to be aware of the potential drawbacks:

• Winter Swells: North swells can make conditions unpredictable during the winter months.
• Limited Operators: Fewer dive operators service the area compared to Kona.
• Challenging Shore Entries: Some shore entries require navigating rocky terrain.
• Fewer Amenities: The area has fewer dive-specific amenities and facilities than Kona.
• Distance from Tourist Hubs: Be prepared for a longer drive from the main tourist areas.

Tips for Diving the Kohala Coast:

• Check Conditions: Always check the local dive conditions before heading out, as north shore sites can be rougher than Kona, particularly in winter.
• Consider Local Lodging: Staying in the Kohala resort area can significantly reduce driving time.
• Reef Hooks: Bring reef hooks for drift dives along the walls, especially when currents are present.
• Macro Life: Look for nudibranchs and other macro life among the lava rock formations.
• High Tide Entries: Shore dive entries are often easier at high tide.
• Full Exposure Protection: The water can be cooler than the Kona side, so consider wearing a full wetsuit or drysuit.

Kohala Divers, specializing in this region’s unique underwater terrain, are excellent resources for exploring these sites. Underwater photographer Clark Little, who frequently features North Shore marine life in his work, and local dive guides who have extensively mapped the lava tube systems, have further popularized the area. Learn more about Kohala Coast Dive Sites.

The Kohala Coast offers a distinct and rewarding big island diving experience. Whether you’re a seasoned diver looking for new challenges or a beginner eager to explore pristine reefs, this underwater wilderness is waiting to be discovered.

6. South Point (Ka Lae) Drift Dives: An Adrenaline Rush for Advanced Divers

South Point (Ka Lae), the southernmost point in the United States, offers a unique and exhilarating big island diving experience unlike any other: drift diving. This technique harnesses the power of converging Pacific Ocean currents, allowing divers to "fly" over vibrant reefs and dramatic underwater cliffs with minimal effort. Imagine being propelled effortlessly past walls teeming with life, experiencing the thrill of high-speed underwater travel as you explore vast areas in a single dive. This is the allure of South Point drift diving.

How does it work? The strong, consistent currents at South Point create the perfect environment for drift diving. Experienced divers enter the water at a designated point and allow the current to carry them along a pre-planned route. The dive boat follows the divers' surface marker buoys, ensuring a safe and timely pickup at the end of the drift.

For experienced divers seeking a truly unforgettable adventure, the rewards are immense. The area boasts some of the most pristine coral formations in Hawaii, teeming with abundant pelagic life rarely seen at other dive sites. Examples of popular drifts include the "South Point Express," where currents of 1-3 knots can whisk you past walls adorned with black coral, and the "Green Sand Drift," which mirrors the unique geological features of the famous green sand beach above. Encounters with schools of jacks, tuna, and even the occasional tiger shark patrolling the deep drop-offs are not uncommon.

Pros:

• Covers large areas of reef: Experience more in a single dive than you could with traditional methods.
• Pelagic encounters: Increased likelihood of spotting sharks, manta rays, and other exciting pelagic species.
• Pristine conditions: Less diver traffic contributes to unspoiled reefs and a more exclusive experience.
• Effortless exploration: The current does the work, allowing you to conserve energy and simply enjoy the ride.
• Unique underwater landscape: Access areas not reachable by other diving methods.

Cons:

• Advanced divers only: Requires significant experience with drift diving techniques and strong current conditions.
• Careful planning essential: Precise entry and exit points are crucial for a safe and successful dive.
• Limited availability: Only specialized dive operators offer these trips due to the challenging conditions.
• Weather dependent: Frequent cancellations are possible due to strong winds and swells.
• Higher cost: Specialized equipment and boat requirements contribute to a higher price tag.
• Inherent risks: Improper planning can lead to dangerous situations, including being swept out to sea.

Tips for a Safe and Rewarding Drift Dive:

• Local guides are a must: Dive only with operators who have intimate knowledge of South Point's currents. Learn more about South Point (Ka Lae) Drift Dives
• Specialized equipment: Use a surface marker buoy (SMB), whistle, and other drift diving essentials.
• Communication is key: Establish clear signals with your buddy before entering the current.
• Buoyancy control: Maintain slightly negative buoyancy to avoid being pushed to the surface by the current.
• Redundant air supply: Carry extra air in case of unexpected delays or changes in current.
• Reef hooks (where permitted): Consider using reef hooks at designated stopping points to pause and observe the marine life without fighting the current.
• Optimal conditions: Book your dive during the calmer summer months for the best chance of favorable weather.

South Point (Ka Lae) drift diving earns its place on this list of big island diving experiences due to its unique blend of thrill, pristine environment, and opportunities for unforgettable pelagic encounters. It's a testament to the diverse diving opportunities available on the Big Island, catering to experienced divers seeking an adrenaline rush and a glimpse into a rarely seen underwater world. However, it's crucial to remember that this type of diving carries inherent risks and should only be attempted with proper training, planning, and experienced local guidance.

Big Island Diving Spot Comparison

Diving Spot / Experience	🔄 Implementation Complexity	⚡ Resource Requirements	📊 Expected Outcomes	💡 Ideal Use Cases	⭐ Key Advantages
Kealakekua Bay	Moderate: Boat access required; permits needed	Boat, permits, guided tours recommended	High: Exceptional biodiversity, clear water	Recreational divers, cultural/history combined dives	Pristine reef, over 180 fish species, excellent visibility
Manta Ray Night Dive	Moderate: Night dive skills needed, circle formation	Specialized lights, night diving gear	Very High: Nearly guaranteed manta sightings	All cert levels, night diving, close-up marine encounters	Unique manta feeding experience, great photo ops
Two Step (Honaunau Bay)	Low: Easy shore entry via lava rock steps	Minimal equipment, no boat necessary	High: Abundant marine life, calm conditions	Beginners, shore diving, cultural site visits	Free access, shore entry, ideal for snorkelers & divers
Black Water Night Diving	High: Advanced experience, deep offshore tethered dive	Specialized lights, tether system, boat trip	Unique: Rare pelagic and bioluminescent life	Experienced divers, scientific observation, photographers	Rare deep-sea creatures, scientific and photographic value
Kohala Coast Dive Sites	Moderate: Shore and boat dives, some entry challenges	Boat or shore gear, reef hooks recommended	High: Diverse topography, less crowded dives	Intermediate to advanced divers, geology & reef exploration	Dramatic lava formations, fewer crowds, pelagic sightings
South Point Drift Dives	High: Advanced drift diving skills required	Specialized drift gear, experienced guides	High: High-speed dive over large reef areas	Advanced divers, thrill seekers, pelagic encounters	Strong currents, pristine reefs, rare pelagic life

Planning Your Big Island Diving Adventure

From the vibrant reefs of Kealakekua Bay to the thrilling manta ray night dives and the unique black water diving experience, Big Island diving offers something truly special for every diver. Whether you're an experienced diver seeking an adrenaline rush at South Point's drift dives, a family looking for a gentle snorkeling experience at Two Step, or simply eager to explore the diverse marine life of the Kohala Coast, planning ahead is key to maximizing your underwater adventure. Understanding the unique characteristics of each site, choosing the right dive operator, and respecting the delicate marine ecosystem will ensure a safe and rewarding experience. When planning your Big Island diving adventure, consider the security of your accommodations, especially if they feature sliding glass doors. For tips and strategies to enhance your peace of mind while you're out exploring, check out this resource on sliding glass door protection strategies from Gladiator Window and Doors. Mastering these planning elements will not only enrich your Big Island diving experience but also contribute to the preservation of these incredible underwater worlds for generations to come. Embrace the aloha spirit and get ready for an unforgettable journey beneath the waves!

Ready to explore the magic of Big Island diving? Kona Honu Divers, a reputable local operator, offers guided dives and snorkeling tours to many of the incredible sites mentioned, ensuring a safe and memorable experience. Visit Kona Honu Divers to book your adventure today!